MSYS2的安装与使用及MinGW64安装配置
MSYS2是工具和库的集合，为您提供了一个易于使用的环境，用于构建，安装和运行本机Windows软件。
它由一个名为mintty的命令行终端 ，bash，git和subversion之类的版本控制系统，tar和awk之类的工具，甚至是autotools之类的构建系统，全部基于Cygwin的修改版。尽管其中一些中心部分基于Cygwin，但MSYS2的主要重点是为本机Windows软件提供构建环境，并使使用Cygwin的部分最少。MSYS2为GCC，mingw-w64，CPython，CMake，Meson，OpenSSL，FFmpeg，Rust，Ruby等提供了最新的本机版本。
为了提供易于安装的软件包并保持更新状态，它具有一个名为Pacman的软件包管理系统，Arch Linux用户应该熟悉该系统 。它带来了许多强大的功能，例如依赖性解析和简单的完整系统升级，以及直接且可复制的程序包构建。我们的软件包存储库包含2000多个预安装的软件包，可供安装。
一、安装：
1、下载MSYS2的exe包，下载地址：https://repo.msys2.org/distrib/x86_64/
2、双击安装包，选择安装目录，即可。
注：安装完成后，点击“完成”后，显示控制台窗口反应速度有些慢，耐心等待。
二、更新软件包数据库和基本软件包
注：此处下载包时，可能会有下载失败或超时等情况，这是由于网络原因造成的，那么解决办法就是在命令执行完成后，再次执行命令，直到成功为止。[expected download size exceeded]
1、从“开始”菜单运行“ MSYS2 MSYS”。
2、如果安装的不是最新的MSYS2，则使用下面命令更新。如果是最新的，则跳过此步骤，进入下一步骤。最后会有报错，官网说这是预期的，不会影响使用。
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$ pacman -Syu |
3、更新其余的基本软件包，我在这里安装软件时会有一些报错。
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$ pacman -Su :: Starting core system upgrade... there is nothing to do :: Starting full system upgrade... resolving dependencies... looking for conflicting packages... Packages (33) base-2020.12-1 bsdtar-3.5.1-1 curl-7.74.0-4 dash-0.5.11.3-1 gdbm-1.19-1 glib2-2.66.4-2 gmp-6.2.1-1 gnupg-2.2.27-1 icu-68.2-1 libassuan-2.5.4-1 libcurl-7.74.0-4 libedit-20191231_3.1-2 libgdbm-1.19-1 libgnutls-3.7.0-1 libgpg-error-1.41-2 libgpgme-1.15.1-1 libhogweed-3.7-1 liblz4-1.9.3-1 libnettle-3.7-1 libopenssl-1.1.1.i-1 libp11-kit-0.23.22-2 libpcre2_8-10.36-1 libreadline-8.1.0-1 libsqlite-3.34.0-1 libxml2-2.9.10-7 libzstd-1.4.8-1 nano-5.4-1 nettle-3.7-1 openssl-1.1.1.i-1 p11-kit-0.23.22-2 tzcode-2020f-1 wget-1.21.1-2 zstd-1.4.8-1 Total Download Size: 25.06 MiB Total Installed Size: 86.34 MiB Net Upgrade Size: 4.23 MiB :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y :: Retrieving packages... liblz4-1.9.3-1-x86_64 82.5 KiB 35.8 KiB/s 00:02 100% gmp-6.2.1-1-x86_64 384.8 KiB 43.1 KiB/s 00:09 100% libhogweed-3.7-1-x86_64 183.4 KiB 35.1 KiB/s 00:05 100% libnettle-3.7-1-x86_64 129.3 KiB 38.7 KiB/s 00:03 100% icu-68.2-1-x86_64 9.4 MiB 62.8 KiB/s 02:34 100% libreadline-8.1.0-1-x86_64 288.1 KiB 71.1 KiB/s 00:04 100% libxml2-2.9.10-7-x86_64 540.8 KiB 99.8 KiB/s 00:05 100% libzstd-1.4.8-1-x86_64 276.1 KiB 53.6 KiB/s 00:05 100% bsdtar-3.5.1-1-x86_64 1098.2 KiB 44.9 KiB/s 00:24 100% libopenssl-1.1.1.i-1-x86_64 1222.1 KiB 66.5 KiB/s 00:18 100% error: failed retrieving file 'openssl-1.1.1.i-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation timed out after 10001 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received openssl-1.1.1.i-1-x86_64 594.4 KiB 278 KiB/s 00:02 100% libgpg-error-1.41-2-x86_64 173.6 KiB 58.0 KiB/s 00:03 100% glib2-2.66.4-2-x86_64 2.3 MiB 48.3 KiB/s 00:48 100% libp11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64 193.4 KiB 126 KiB/s 00:02 100% error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www2.futureware.at : expected download size exceeded###########--------------------] 65% error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yandex.ru : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.ustc.edu.cn : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.bit.edu.cn : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.selfnet.de : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.jmu.edu : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from ftp.cc.uoc.gr : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from ftp.acc.umu.se : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.piconets.webwerks.in : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from quantum-mirror.hu : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.dotsrc.org : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.ufro.cl : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.clarkson.edu : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from ftp.nluug.nl : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from download.nus.edu.sg : expected download size exceeded error: failed retrieving file 'p11-kit-0.23.22-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from ftp.osuosl.org : expected download size exceeded warning: failed to retrieve some files libsqlite-3.34.0-1-x86_64 604.8 KiB 24.9 KiB/s 00:24 100% libedit-20191231_3.1-2-x86_64 96.2 KiB 16.4 KiB/s 00:06 100% libcurl-7.74.0-4-x86_64 243.6 KiB 39.6 KiB/s 00:06 100% curl-7.74.0-4-x86_64 810.5 KiB 25.8 KiB/s 00:31 100% dash-0.5.11.3-1-x86_64 77.4 KiB 95.8 KiB/s 00:01 100% nano-5.4-1-x86_64 579.6 KiB 30.7 KiB/s 00:19 100% tzcode-2020f-1-x86_64 238.2 KiB 24.7 KiB/s 00:10 100% error: failed retrieving file 'libassuan-2.5.4-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds libassuan-2.5.4-1-x86_64 89.8 KiB 96.0 KiB/s 00:01 100% error: failed retrieving file 'libgnutls-3.7.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds libgnutls-3.7.0-1-x86_64 1375.7 KiB 150 KiB/s 00:09 100% error: failed retrieving file 'nettle-3.7-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds nettle-3.7-1-x86_64 92.5 KiB 163 KiB/s 00:01 100% error: failed retrieving file 'gnupg-2.2.27-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds gnupg-2.2.27-1-x86_64 2.2 MiB 682 KiB/s 00:03 100% error: failed retrieving file 'libgpgme-1.15.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds libgpgme-1.15.1-1-x86_64 351.8 KiB 71.9 KiB/s 00:05 100% error: failed retrieving file 'libpcre2_8-10.36-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds libpcre2_8-10.36-1-x86_64 119.7 KiB 10.6 KiB/s 00:11 100% error: failed retrieving file 'wget-1.21.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds wget-1.21.1-2-x86_64 752.3 KiB 65.8 KiB/s 00:11 100% error: failed retrieving file 'zstd-1.4.8-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds zstd-1.4.8-1-x86_64 332.2 KiB 67.4 KiB/s 00:05 100% error: failed retrieving file 'libgdbm-1.19-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds libgdbm-1.19-1-x86_64 28.9 KiB 36.5 KiB/s 00:01 100% error: failed retrieving file 'gdbm-1.19-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds gdbm-1.19-1-x86_64 146.5 KiB 45.0 KiB/s 00:03 100% error: failed retrieving file 'base-2020.12-1-any.pkg.tar.zst' from downloads.sourceforge.net : Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transferred the last 10 seconds base-2020.12-1-any 3.3 KiB 3.19 MiB/s 00:00 100% error: failed to commit transaction (unexpected error) Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded. |
上面有报错，继续，直到出现下面提示为止：
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$ pacman -Su :: Starting core system upgrade... there is nothing to do :: Starting full system upgrade... there is nothing to do |
4、现在，MSYS2已为您准备就绪。您可能需要安装一些工具和mingw-w64 GCC才能开始编译。在使用如下命令时遇到询问，按回车即可。
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$ pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain |
如果要安装mingw32位环境的，应该使用如下命令（没测试）：
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$ pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-i686-toolchain |
没有报错，为了验证，我又跑了一遍命令。
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$ pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain warning: asciidoc-9.0.4-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: autoconf-2.69-5 is up to date -- skipping warning: autoconf2.13-2.13-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: autogen-5.18.16-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake-wrapper-11-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.10-1.10.3-4 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.11-1.11.6-4 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.12-1.12.6-4 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.13-1.13.4-5 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.14-1.14.1-4 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.15-1.15.1-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.16-1.16.2-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.6-1.6.3-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.7-1.7.9-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.8-1.8.5-4 is up to date -- skipping warning: automake1.9-1.9.6-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: bison-3.7.4-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: btyacc-20200910-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: diffstat-1.63-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: diffutils-3.7-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: dos2unix-7.4.2-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: file-5.39-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: flex-2.6.4-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: gawk-5.1.0-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: gdb-9.2-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: gettext-0.19.8.1-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: gettext-devel-0.19.8.1-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: gperf-3.1-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: grep-3.0-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: groff-1.22.4-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: help2man-1.47.16-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: intltool-0.51.0-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: libtool-2.4.6-9 is up to date -- skipping warning: libunrar-6.0.3-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: libunrar-devel-6.0.3-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: m4-1.4.18-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: make-4.3-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: man-db-2.9.3-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: pacman-5.2.2-9 is up to date -- skipping warning: pactoys-git-r2.07ca37f-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: patch-2.7.6-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: patchutils-0.4.2-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: perl-5.32.0-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: pkgconf-1.7.3-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: pkgfile-21-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: quilt-0.66-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: reflex-20200715-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: scons-3.1.2-4 is up to date -- skipping warning: sed-4.8-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: swig-4.0.2-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: texinfo-6.7-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: texinfo-tex-6.7-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: ttyrec-1.0.8-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: unrar-6.0.3-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: wget-1.21.1-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: xmlto-0.0.28-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-binutils-2.35.1-3 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-crt-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-10.2.0-6 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-ada-10.2.0-6 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-fortran-10.2.0-6 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-libgfortran-10.2.0-6 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-libs-10.2.0-6 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-objc-10.2.0-6 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gdb-10.1-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-gdb-multiarch-10.1-2 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-headers-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-libgccjit-10.2.0-6 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-libmangle-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-libwinpthread-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-make-4.3-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-pkgconf-1.7.3-5 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-tools-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-winpthreads-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1 is up to date -- skipping warning: mingw-w64-x86_64-winstorecompat-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1 is up to date -- skipping there is nothing to do |
5、关闭MSYS2 MSYS窗口
三、MSYS2的使用
要使用mingw-w64 GCC开始构建，需要从“开始”菜单运行【MSYS MinGW 64-bit】。现在，就可以使用make或gcc构建Windows的软件。
MSYS2文档 https://www.msys2.org/wiki/MSYS2-introduction/